Types Of Derivatives And Derivative Market â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Types Of Derivatives And Derivative Market? Answer: Introducation Withdrawable margin account amount is an amount that exceeds the initial margin. In this case, an increase in $1 in the future price will lead to a gain of $1000. Therefore, for an increase of $2, the gain will be $2,000 which can be withdrawn. The current future price is $60 implying that the future price will be (60+2) = $62. Thus, the correct answer is B and [1] Where, U is the present value of the total storage costs, T is the time,the spot price, r is the risk-free rate with continuous compounding and the future price today. Approximately, the correct answer is C Forward rate= Long Term LIBOR=4% Long term period=1 year Short term LIBOR=3.75% Short term period=9 months= Contract period=3months= Substituting the values in the above equation, Forward rate= The correct answer is C A Future contract refers to a standardized contract mainly traded in exchange. Futures dont carry any credit risk as the clearinghouse serves as the third party(counter-party) to the two parties involved in the contract. Moreover, the credit exposure in the futures contract is reduced by marked-to-market daily criteria. On the other hand, a forward contract is an agreement between two parties where settlement takes place over-the-counter. They are settled at the time of delivery, and as a result, high credit risk is realized. The credit exposure ever-increases since the gain or loss is only felt during the settlement time. Concerning the trade volume, a forward contract market is tailored based on the traders requirements. Over-the-counter trade via a counter-party network that is flexible to larger sizes as opposed to exchanging traded stocks which exhibit centralized exchange.[2] Therefore, over the counter market and forward contract have the greater volume and higher risk respectively. The correct answer is B An upward sloping zero curve has a lower one year pay yield than the one year zero rate. Moreover, the forward rate matching the period between 1 and 1.50 is higher than its corresponding one-year zero rate. Therefore, the correct answer is A With continuous compounding, the rates are as shown For a zero rate of 4% and maturity time of 6 months, R= For a zero rate of 4.5% and T=6 months, R= For a zero rate of 4% and maturity time of 6 months, R= For a zero rate of 4% and maturity time of 6 months, R= The zero-rate corresponding to 2-year period is 5%=0.05 is the current index value, r is the risk-free rate with continuous compounding, q is the historical dividend yield, T the time, and the future contract price. An arbitrage profit occurs when . Therefore, there will be an arbitrage profit of because the future price is too high relative to the current index. Therefore, the company should take short contracts. In terms of the futures contract, it has to take a long position in References Srishti. "Types of Derivatives and Derivative Market." IPleaders. Last modified February 1, 2012. https://blog.ipleaders.in/types-of-derivatives-and-derivative-market/. "Financial Derivatives." InAn Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives, 2013ed. [s.l.]: Academic Press Inc, 2013. [1]. "Financial Derivatives," inAn Introduction to the Mathematics of Financial Derivatives([s.l.]: Academic Press Inc, 2013),xx. [2]. Srishti , "Types of Derivatives and Derivative Market," IPleaders, last modified February 1, 2012, https://blog.ipleaders.in/types-of-derivatives-and-derivative-market/.

Financial Institution for J.P Morgan Chase Bank - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Institution for J.P Morgan Chase Bank. Answer: Credit Risk Measures of J.P Morgan Chase Bank and PNC Bank Credit risk management functions in association with the business sections in recognising and evaluating the exposures across every line of business. J.P Morgan Chase Bank The measurement of credit in J.P Morgan Chase Bank is based on the potentiality of default of counterparty; the loss in the severity provided an event that is default. There are various measures that are undertaken by the company in order to mitigate the credit risk that would be beneficial for the development of the organization in the global economy. The various credit risk measures that have been undertaken by J.P Morgan Chase have been given below: Scored exposure The scored portfolio is specifically kept in CCB and is inclusive of the residential real estate loans along with the loans related to credit cards, various business banking and auto loans and student loans. In this kind of portfolio, the estimates of credit loss is based on the statistical evaluation of the credit losses over the period of 2012 to 2015 and are computed with the help of the portfolio modelling, decision support mechanism, credit scoring which looks in to loan extent factors like the credit scores, collateral values and various other risks (Read.uberflip.com. 2017). The credit loss factors and the evaluation are upgraded on a quarterly basis and with respect to the situations as the market dictates. Risk-rated exposure These kind of portfolios are generally held in CIB, AM and CB and are even inclusive of the auto dealer loans and the business banking loans that are kept in CCB which are risk related as they have the features that are identical to the commercial loans. In this kind of exposures the credit losses are anticipated are dependent on the default probability and the severity of the losses (Bluhm, Overbeck and Wagner 2016). The assumptions and the calculation are reliant on the management information system and the methodologies that are always under continuous scrutiny. These are the measures that have been undertaken by J.P Morgan Chase Bank. PNC Bank The credit risk measures of PNC Bank have been integrated into the entire organization risks management governance model. The overall credit system of PNC includes widespread credit policies, underwriting that is judgmental and statistical in nature, detailed and frequent risk modelling and measurement, credit training program that is extensive and a continuous review of the loan (Friewald, Wagner and Zechner 2014). The management of PNC looks to create and maintain a loan portfolio that would permit it in order to meet their strategic goals of return by remaining within their appetite of risk (Phx.corporate-ir.net 2017). The constituent of the credit risk management model has been credit concentration process of PNC with the help of which the organization maintains a restriction and supervises the credit exposure with the help of customers, industry and product etc. The risk concentrations are managed with the help of loan participations with the loan sales and third parties. PNC ha s even established guidelines for antisocial and non-performing loans, total borrower exposures and various other measures of credit to supervise the risk. It has been observed that there has been a significant level of changes in the risk taking nature of the organizations due to the rise in competition in the market and changes in the economy as well. The banks have increased their risk taking abilities because with the advent of time various new guidelines and credit risk measuring models have been framed in order to monitor and mitigate the risk. Reference List Bluhm, C., Overbeck, L. and Wagner, C., 2016. Introduction to credit risk modeling. Crc Press. Friewald, N., Wagner, C. and Zechner, J., 2014. The Cross?Section of Credit Risk Premia and Equity Returns. The Journal of Finance, 69(6), pp.2419-2469. Phx.corporate-ir.net. 2017. IR Solutions | Investor Relations Management | Nasdaq. [online] Available at: https://phx.corporate-ir.net [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017]. Read.uberflip.com. 2017. Log in to your account - Uberflip. [online] Available at: https://read.uberflip.com [Accessed 31 Aug. 2017].

Abortion and Euthanasia Essay Example Essay Example

Abortion and Euthanasia Essay Example Paper Abortion and Euthanasia Essay Introduction Over the years, these two words have caused much conflict when dealing with moral issues. Some Christians believe all life is sacred so it should be God’s choice when people should die, and no one else’s. On the matters of abortion and euthanasia, some Christians feel it is the mother’s right to choose while on the other hand some believe there are no circumstances for it.AbortionWhen dealing with this delicate matter, it raises the point, ‘When Does Life Begin?’. Through research, I found this: ‘just as there is a continuum between the acorn and the oak, there is a continuum between me and what I was at conception. The big argument is at what stage in this continuum we become persons’. This is an important statement, as it brings our attention to the fact the foetus is actually a person, and we are brought up to believe ‘it is wrong to kill’. The Roman Catholic Church believes we become persons at conception, but I don†™t believe this should stop abortion from taking place, as in my opinion, it is the mother’s right to choose, at any time, in any circumstance. Many would disagree with me.A Christian viewpoint of this would be that it is wrong, but some Christians would make exceptions. This shows that views do differ from religious groups, and a different group, Roman Catholics, do not accept abortion is right under any circumstance, and believe that there should be no legal right to abortion. The view that abortion should be banned starts from the belief that no one should take the life of an innocent person, whatever their conscience tells them. Some Christians would agree with me, that life begins at the moment of conception. They believe that when the sperm and egg come together a unique being is formed with its own genetic make up.Supporters of abortion argue that the foetus does not become a person until it is capable of independent life, which is be somewhere between twenty and twe nty four weeks after conception. The argument for this is that its soul is there from the beginning but over the years, Christians’ viewpoints have changed. Although irrelevant now, in the Middle Ages it was thought that the moment when God breathed life into a child was when it began to move in the womb. This theory is very understandable due to their lack of technology that long ago.Other Christians argue that whether or not the foetus is a person is irrelevant, as it is a potential person, so we should therefore value its potential. To these people whatever the argument, abortion is about killing.The two main views of abortion are: ‘A woman’s right to choose’ (pro abortion view) and ‘the right to life’ (anti abortion view). For most Christians there is the difficult question of what to do when the mother’s life is in danger. Clearly, one cannot neglect the mother, so these Christians, who value life, believe the attempt should be to save both.The common question about ‘if the child is going to be disabled, then abortion is just’ is combated by the Christian viewpoint that everyone has a part to play in God’s plan, therefore no one should be killed.One of the worst problems is rape. It is very unjust that a woman should have a child to a rapist. Some Christians still wouldn’t change their views, as they would believe two wrongs don’t make a right, however, others would so the decision would be split.Some arguments in favor of abortion:A woman should have the right to choose what happens to her body: This coincides with independence rights.If it becomes more difficult to get legalised abortions, there would be an increase in the number of illegal abortions: Back street abortioning can be dangerous, and why provoke people to break the law.It is wrong to bring unwanted children into the world. They may be neglected and become problems in society: This is straightforward and althoug h one should not judge a person by their background, in some cases this can be true.When pregnancy is the result of rape, the woman should not be forced to continue with the pregnancy: This again coincides with independence rights, and the possibility of neglect through resentment towards the child.Abortion is not murder as it only destroys a collection of cells, which cannot survive outside the womb before the twenty-fourth week of pregnancy: This overlaps with the issue ‘When does life begin’, and depending on what Church she belonged to, or her thoughts on the matter, it is in the mother’s hands on what she makes of this.A woman who is risking dying should be allowed to abort.(Abortion Reform Group)Some arguments against abortion:The unborn child is alive from the moment of conception and has the right to life. An abortion is child killing (infanticide): This like in the ‘in favor’ section depends on what the mother’s belief is, of when the child is alive.If abortions are easily obtained, they maybe used as another form of contraception, encouraging people to have a more lax attitude to sex: Some Christians believe that sex should be saved for marriage. If there is a more lax attitude to sex, people are not treating it with the respect some Christians believe it should have.Many couples would want to adopt an unwanted baby, but the numbers of these have been reduced due to abortion: This point would be countered by a Christian in favor of abortion, ‘As long as there are foster homes, there is an abundance of potential foster children.The woman afterwards may feel guilty and depressed and may become suicidal: A Christian view would be to get the woman to a councilor, to avoid this happening.The operation may lead to sterility, or damage the woman for life: A Christian would argue this point.There would be no need for abortion if there were sufficient provision to help them overcome emotional and financial difficu lty: This point epitomizes what many Christians would like in society. If emotional and financial difficulty were overcome, then many abortions would not take place.(LIFE)The legal positionFor centuries, abortion was not permitted by law except in extreme cases. E.g. the mother’s life at risk. This was changed in 1967 ‘Abortion Act’, and was reviewed in 1990 in the ‘Human Fertilization and Embryology Act’. The law now states that an abortion can be legally performed up to twenty-four weeks if two doctors agree the mother’s health is at risk or if the child will be born abnormal.The Christian positionThe bible doesn’t directly refer to abortion, so Christians have to try to get around the Commandment ‘You shalt not kill’.Roman Catholics believe life starts at conception therefore abortion is completely wrong. Other Christians, Anglicans, and Methodists, who don’t believe life begins until the baby has a chance of surv iving independently of its mother. These Christians believe abortion is an evil to be avoided, unless it meant greater evils were avoided.The organization Christians for free choice believe the matter should be left to a woman’s conscience, which is seen as a guide from God as to what action to take. Continuing pregnancy therefore should not be forced upon a woman.Euthanasia’Whose life is it anyway?’ is a common question when euthanasia (from the Greek happy death) is discussed. At this point people take different sides.Humanists believe that everyone owns their own life; while on the other hand Christians believe they belong to God. However, Christians never fail to stress what belonging (in this sense) means. To them it means similar when talking about belonging to your family. E.g., you don’t make a decision without consulting with them; therefore, Christian’s believe God’s will must be accounted for.The greatest difference between Christ ianity and non-religious viewpoints is how pain is seen. A non-religious person who believes that there is nothing beyond life, a painful death is meaningless. Through Jesus, Christians believe in the cross and thereby believe suffering is a challenge. To Christians ‘If we overcome suffering as part of our commitment to God, we grow as persons’. They see suffering as a positive experience and a means of spiritual growth.Some Christians believe all life is sacred, and believe that God wants people to have quality of life and that all life is sacred.They believe God is love and stopping suffering is a loving thing to do and that The Holy Spirit lives in Christians; Euthanasia destroys God’s temple (Corinthians 3.16-17).Ellen Wilkie, writer and actress, is a good example of a Christian viewpoint on life, ‘Death is not a full stop, it’s a comma. If you look at the whole of life, death is an activity in the middle. It is not the end’. I think this sums up the Christian viewpoint on life, but not on euthanasia as it is hard to tell if she is pro euthanasia or against it.Argument’s for euthanasia:We should be able to choose how we die: Many Christians would sum up both sides of the argument, before coming to an answer. ‘God should choose how everyone dies’, ‘God wants people to have quality of life’.It lessens pain for the patient: The quality of life quote overlaps with this argument, as if there is no quality of life, then there is no reason in living.People should not have to live if there is no chance of getting better: Some Christians would say ‘God should choose how everyone dies’, to this argument.It stops the suffering of relatives watching the patient die a slow and painful death:Arguments against euthanasia:Mistakes can happen.There are painkilling drugs: this is true, but there is no quality of life, while drugged up.The dying patient might not be in the right state of mi nd while choosing to die quickly: This mental based problem is tackled by psychiatrists before euthanasia takes place.Patients could lose faith in doctor’s.Euthanasia is no better than murder: This is a dubious argument, which can be argued considerably by Christians either way.If the patient is unable to choose, then who does: This links in with the dilemma, ‘who switches off the life support machine?’ Again, Christians choices would be split down the middle.The Bible’s/Christian’s viewYou shall not murder; God gave everything life, so life should be treated as a gift from God; God helps no matter what and never gives us more suffering than we can take; Finally, only God can decide what will happen to you, not other people. Abortion and Euthanasia Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Endergonic vs Exergonic Reactions and Processes

Endergonic vs Exergonic Reactions and Processes Endergonic and exergonic are two types of chemical reactions, or processes, in thermochemistry or physical chemistry. The names describe what happens to energy during the reaction. The classifications are related to endothermic and exothermic reactions, except endergonic and exergonic describe what happens with any form of energy, while endothermic and exothermic relate only to heat or thermal energy. Endergonic Reactions Endergonic reactions may also be called an unfavorable reaction or nonspontaneous reaction. The reaction requires more energy than you get from it.Endergonic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings.The chemical bonds that are formed from the reaction are weaker than the chemical bonds that were broken.The free energy of the system increases.  The change in the standard Gibbs Free Energy (G) of an endergonic reaction is positive (greater than 0).The change in entropy (S) decreases.Endergonic reactions are not spontaneous.Examples of endergonic reactions include endothermic reactions, such as photosynthesis and the melting of ice into liquid water.If the temperature of the surroundings decreases, the reaction is endothermic. Exergonic Reactions An exergonic reaction may be called a spontaneous reaction or a favorable reaction.Exergonic reactions release energy to the surroundings.The chemical bonds formed from the reaction are stronger than those that were broken in the reactants.The free energy of the system decreases.  The change in the standard Gibbs Free Energy (G) of an exergonic reaction is negative (less than 0).The change in entropy (S) increases. Another way to look at it is that the disorder or randomness of the system increases.Exergonic reactions occur spontaneously (no outside energy is required to start them).Examples of exergonic reactions include exothermic reactions, such as mixing sodium and chlorine to make table salt, combustion, and chemiluminescence (light is the energy that is released).If the temperature of the surroundings increases, the reaction is exothermic. Notes About the Reactions You cannot tell how quickly a reaction will occur based on whether it is endergonic or exergonic. Catalysts may be needed to cause the reaction to proceed at an observable rate. For example, rust formation (oxidation of iron) is an exergonic and exothermic reaction, yet it proceeds so slowly its difficult to notice the release of heat to the environment.In biochemical systems, endergonic and exergonic reactions often are coupled, so the energy from one reaction can power another reaction.Endergonic reactions always require energy to start. Some exergonic reactions also have activation energy, but more energy is released by the reaction than what is required to initiate it. For example, it takes energy to start a fire, but once combustion starts, the reaction releases more light and heat than it took to get it started.Endergonic reactions and exergonic reactions are sometimes called reversible reactions. The quantity of the energy change is the same for both reactions, although the en ergy is absorbed by the endergonic reaction and released by the exergonic reaction. Whether the reverse reaction actually can occur is not a consideration when defining reversibility. For example, while burning wood is a reversible reaction theoretically, it doesnt actually occur in real life. Perform Simple Endergonic and Exergonic Reactions In an endergonic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings. Endothermic reactions offer good examples, as they absorb heat. Mix together baking soda (sodium carbonate) and citric acid in water. The liquid will get cold, but not cold enough to cause frostbite. An exergonic reaction releases energy to the surroundings. Exothermic reactions are good examples of this type of reaction because they release heat. The next time you do laundry, put some laundry detergent in your hand and add a small amount of water. Do you feel the heat? This is a safe and simple example of an exothermic and thus exergonic reaction. A more spectacular exergonic reaction is produced by dropping a small piece of an alkali metal in water. For example, lithium metal in water burns and produces a pink flame. A glow stick is an excellent example of a reaction that is exergonic, yet not exothermic. The chemical reaction releases energy in the form of light, yet it doesnt produce heat.

Project proposal for up-gradation of our e-mail system Essay

Project proposal for up-gradation of our e-mail system - Essay Example The current system is a mix of five different e-mail systems being used across twelve departments. This has been found to be inadequate to meet the present and future demands of effective and uninterrupted communication. This proposal is aimed at integrating different systems into a single system by powering and installing a comprehensive communication package. LONG TERM OBJECTIVES: The objective of the project is to implement an integrated e-mail system by replacing the existing fragmented system that is currently being used. Once implemented, the new system will be capable of handling a comprehensive range of communication needs to support our growth. It is estimated that this system will be geared to handle all our future needs for a period of ten years. Expected Project results: All problems we had with the old e-mail system will be eliminated with the new software and hardware. The whole project will take ten days to implement and to become operative PROJECT SCHEDULE AND WORK PLAN: The project plan is given here in detail. The project costs and a Gantt chart is reproduced at the end. Till the process of the implementation of the project is over, the required staff will be required to work on all days including weekends. The following tasks are required for completion. a. a. Purchase of new software package: Five vendors were identified and a comprehensive review of their product and services had been done with the help of the IT department. It has been decided that the package sold by Company X will be most suitable for our situation. The company is willing to customize the whole software to our specifications. The review report will be made available to the stakeholders and the board of directors for final approval. Once approved, the contract can be signed in three days. b. Replacing obsolete hardware like modems, switches and routers. Our IT staff on the direction of the software vendor, has estimated that all communication hardware will have to be changed. Fifteen incompatible computers will have to be replaced. An additional ten nodes are also required to be purchased. Suitable vendors have been identified and are awaiting approval of the board of directors after review by the stakeholders. The whole process would take seven days to complete including installation. The old system will run concurrently till the new one becomes functional. c. Backup of all exiting communication received and sent so far: The new package has been designed to read the backup files of all existing communication stored in our systems. The backup will be done by our IT staff and it will take two days to complete. It will not seriously affect our day to day operations.

The Authority of the Secretary-General to Prosecute Peacekeepers Essay - 1

The Authority of the Secretary-General to Prosecute Peacekeepers - Essay Example Additionally, the literature will discuss briefly how peacekeepers may be prosecuted before the ICC. The process of waiving-off of peacekeepers’ immunity by the Secretary-General to promote their prosecution will also be analysed. Olivera Simic in 2009,1 in the journal article â€Å"Rethinking ‘sexual exploitation’ in UN peacekeeping operations† explains the term sexual exploitation and how it is confusing to researchers. The article also takes into consideration various sexual exploitation cases related to several peacekeeping missions. She argued that the term â€Å"sexual exploitation† might cover activity that is not necessarily â€Å"sexually exploitative†. However, she mainly focuses on the type of crimes and also mentions the ‘zero tolerance policy’; completely omitting the notion of prosecution and punishment of the criminals. Gabrielle Simm in 2011,2 in his article â€Å"International law as a regulatory framework for sexual crimes committed by peacekeepers† discussed the jurisdiction over peacekeepers and the responsibility of states and international organizations in relation to crimes of peacekeepers, and how their possess immunity that prevents judicial action against them. Therefore, he argued that â€Å"international law’s strength lies in standard setting, but some of its standards are problematic, and it is weak in both monitoring and enforcement mechanisms†. He also pointed out that immunity can be waived-off by the Secretary-General. However, there are no special criteria to waive the immunity of peacekeepers or to prosecute them. Although Nigel D. White and Sorcha MacLeod 3 stated that immunity should be waived when crimes result from non-official tasks; this is considered against Section 20 of the 1946 Convention that grants the Secretary-General the right to waive a peac ekeepers’ immunity when he feel it is necessary. In 2012, Melanie OBrien4

Perceptions of Quality in Different Sectors

Perceptions of Quality in Different Sectors What is Quality? Quality is characterized as a standard/gauge/estimation of a specific thing when it is focused with a comparative thing of that kind. To be exact the correlation among level of magnificence of a specific thing with things of comparable kind. Quality assumes a basic part in each industry ideal from little scale to Large-scale Industries. Quality support and confirmation is the thing that each producer ought to be worried. Quality can be defined as an assurance for any product/thing/machine. It lets us compare between the best among the worst. Very product must undergo a quality check to assure they are to people who use them and are environment friendly. In various manufacturing and business industries quality is directly proportional to the customers satisfaction. If the customers are satisfied the reputation/profits of that particular company hits the peaks of the market.The quality of substantial items is generally a straight-forward assurance; for clients, making an examination between physical items involves highlight to-highlight investigation. The challenge for clients, and in this way for associations, lies in assessing administration quality, which maybe the main way clients genuinely separate between one finish item offering and another. Consequently, associations and their advertisers live amazing seeing how shoppers judge benefit quality. Quality doesnt alone relay on the material type used for the product but also relies on the customer satisfaction and their feedback. The beginning target for discourse about quality should fundamentally start with a comprehension of its distinctive measurements and how they are seen. These measurements are uncovered through the different parts of a purchasers collaboration with a supplier and its items or administrations.   FEW EXAMPLES REGARDING QUALITY IN VARIOUS SECTORS For example, in automobile industry, the quality control handle begins much sooner than the principal generation models of a vehicle move off the sequential construction system. At the point when an auto organization discharges another item, they assemble models, which are then tried to discover shortcomings, mechanical issues and different subtle elements that could be moved forward. Once the models have been reviewed and cleaned, the outline goes into generation, where quality control proceeds on the creation line, as well. In the wake of being constructed, every auto is tried for issues like liquid and air releases, mechanical issues and appropriate gathering. Continue perusing to discover exactly how car quality control functions and about the outrageous tests your auto needed to experience before it was permitted to take off. In nursing sector, quality affirmation additionally applies to keeping up reliable principles of practices among nursing staffs, giving chances to proficient advancement and offering disciplinary activities when justified. Associations and people entrusted with quality affirmation in nursing are in charge of creating methods, approaches and decides that advance quality human services for occupants and patients while guaranteeing models of practice are clung to in therapeutic offices. Competency measures are likewise an essential undertaking of value affirmation offices, and assessments of state wide and government practices are thought about. Quality affirmation medical attendants are regularly in charge of researching protests against attendants, filling in as individuals on audit sheets that decide the result of disciplinary cases and, if vital, repudiate, suspend or limit nursing licenses or a medical attendants capacity to rehearse. Quality affirmation faculty work intimately with attendants at medicinal offices to decide best practices for patient care, assess strategies and systems that enhance tolerant care, and break down consistency inside nursing homes as they contrast with different offices and permitting benchmarks. For quality confirmation medical attendants are entrusted with checking and implementing licenses for medical attendants, nurture professionals and nursing experts. REFERENCES: The Perception of Quality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   George Kenyon-Kabir Sen www.springer.com/us/book/9781447166269 Deaton, J. P. (2009, October 5). How automotive quality control works. Retrieved January 24, 2017, from http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/auto-manufacturing/automotive-quality-control.htm Publishing, I. (2017). What is quality assurance in nursing? Retrieved January 24, 2017, from business-finance, https://www.reference.com/business-finance/quality-assurance-nursing-7dd76b8996675772